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Paleoseismology
Series
Paleoseismology is the
study of prehistoric earthquakes. Only large earthquakes that
cause coseismic surface rupture or otherwise disturb the ground
surface (liquefaction, earthquake-induced landslides, tectonic subsidence)
leave evidence in the geologic record of their occurrence. For additional
information on earthquakes and related information, see our Earthquake
Publications and Quaternary Studies.
Special Study 75. Paleoseismology of Utah, Volume 1: Fault
behavior and earthquake recurrence on the Provo segment of the
Wasatch fault zone at Mapleton, Utah County, Utah, by W.R.
Lund, D.P. Schwartz, W.E. Mulvey, K.E. Budding, and B.D. Black,
1991, 41 p. $7.75. Trenches were excavated across
the Wasatch fault zone in the southern part of Utah Valley. The
study refined data on the size and timing of prehistoric earthquakes
along the Wasatch and determined a single rupture segment (the
Provo segment as proposed in previous studies rather than subdividing
into the American Fork, Provo restricted, and Spanish Fork segments).
Calendar-calibrated radiocarbn dates constrain the timing of the
most recent surface faulting at 600 plus/minus 80 yr B.P. with
an estimated vertical tectonic displacement of 1.4 to 3.0 m (4.6-9.8
ft). The penultimate event occurred shortly before 2,820 (+150,
-130) yr B.P.
Special Study 76. Paleoseismology of Utah Volume 2: Paleoseismic
analysis of the Wasatch fault zone at the Brigham City trench
site, Brigham City, Utah and the Pole Patch trench site, Pleasant
View, Utah, by S.F. Personius, 39 p., 1991 $1.00. The
Brigham City trench was excavated and logged in September and
October 1986 across a fault scarp on the Bowden Canyon alluvial
fan on the eastern outskirts of Brigham City, Utah, during field
investigations and mapping of the Brigham City segment of the
Wasatch fault zone. Trenching studies in the Brigham City area
were part of a larger effort to better define the timing of individual
surface-faulting earthquakes along the more populated parts of
the Wasatch fault zone. This report begins with a description
of the Quaternary geologic setting of the region and some of the
stratigraphic and structural relations in the Brigham City trench.
The report continues with a description of the most likely sequence
of faulting events and a discussion of the dating and timing of
these events and concludes with a discussion of some seismologic
implications of the Brigham City trench data.
Special Study 78. Paleoseismology of Utah Volume 3: The number
and timing of paleoseismic events on the Nephi and Levan segments,
Wasatch fault zone, Utah, by Michael Jackson, 23 p., 3 pl.,
1991 $1.00. This report on the Holocene history
of ground-rupturing earthquakes provides information on earthquake
timing and recurrence, fault displacement, and fault geometry
that is used to characterize seismic-source zones and to evaluate
the long-term earthquake potential of active faults. Extensive
use is made of the relatively new thermoluminescence technique
to date events. The availability of a reliable dating technique
usable in organic-poor, arid environments represents a significant
advance in the dating of geologically recent events.
Special Study 82. Paleoseismology of Utah Volume 4: Seismotectonics
of north-central Utah and southwestern Wyoming, by Michael
W. West, 93 p., 5 pl., 1994 $16.50. This publication
concerns Quaternary faulting along the north flank of the Uinta
Mountains in north-central Utah and southwestern Wyoming. More
than the usual "site-specific" trench study, this report presents
a comprehensive evaluation and regional synthesis of the seismotectonic
setting along the Utah-Wyoming border. Results of the study provide
strong evidence for Quaternary normal-slip reactivation of thrust
faults along the leading edge of the Wyoming part of the Sevier
orogenic belt. In addition, fault-trenching studies like this
one provide critical information on earthquake timing, recurrence,
displacement, fault geometry, and related earthquake-induced hazards
that can be used to characterize seismic-source zones and to evaluate
long-term earthquake potential and risk from active faults. The
author, currently in private geologic consulting practice, is
the former head of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation's Seismotectonic
Section, which specializes in seismic-hazard evaluations of proposed
and existing USBR dams. Work in the study area was initiated as
part of an evaluation of the Meeks Cabin and Stateline dams on
the north flank of the Uinta Mountains.
Special Study 83. Paleoseismology of Utah Volume 5: Neotectonic
deformation along the East Cache fault zone, Cache County, Utah
by J.P. McCalpin, 37 p., 1994 $5.50. The East
Cache fault zone trends along the east side of northern Utah's
Cache Valley at the base of the Bear River Range. This report
uses the results from two detailed trenching studies, an evaluation
of Lake Bonneville highstand shoreline deformation, and a geomorphic
analysis of Bear River Range front faceted spurs to characterize
the prehistory seismic behavior and the earthquake potential of
the fault zone.
Special Study 88 Paleoseismology of Utah Volume 6: The Oquirrh
fault zone, Tooele County, Utah: surficial geology and paleoseismicity,
W.R. Lund, editor, 64 p., 2 pl., 1:24,000, 1996 $1.00. Surficial
geology of the Oquirrh fault zone, Tooele County, Utah, by B.J.
Solomon; Paleoseismic investigation of the Oquirrh fault zone,
Tooele County, Utah, by S.S. Olig, W.R. Lund, B.D. Black, and
B.H. Mayes
Special Study 92 Paleoseismology of Utah Volume 7: Paleoseismic
investigation on the Salt Lake City segment of the Wasatch fault
zone at the South Fork Dry Creek and Dry Gulch sites, Salt Lake
County, Utah, by B.D. Black, W.R. Lund, D.P. Schwartz, H.E.
Gill, and B.H. Mayes, 22 p., 1 pl., 1996 $1.00. The
two trench sites are in the southeastern part of the Salt Lake
Valley and provide the only location on the heavily urbanized
segment of this segment of the WFZ where it is possible to develop
a complete surface-faulting chronology for the past 6,000 years.
New information presented shows an earthquake hazard greater than
previously assumed.
Special Study 93 Paleoseismology of Utah Volume 8: Paleoseismic
investigation at Rock Canyon, Provo segment, Wasatch fault zone,
Utah County, Utah, by W.R. Lund and B.D. Black, 21 p., 2 pl.,
3/98 $8.75
Special Study 98 Paleoseismology of Utah Volume 9: Paleoseismic
investigation of the Clarkston, Junction Hills, and Wellsville
faults, West Cache fault zone, Cache County, Utah by B.D.
Black, R.E. Giraud, and B.H. Mayes, 23 p., 1 pl., 3/00 $10.50
Neotectonics of Bear Lake Valley, Utah and Idaho; a preliminary
assessment, by James P. McCalpin, 43 p., ISBN 1-55791-694-2,
2003, MP-03-4 $11.00
This report presents the results of a preliminary
evaluation of the East Bear Lake (EBF) and West Bear Lake (WBF)
fault zones, which bound the east and west sides, respectively,
of the Bear Lake Valley. The Bear Lake Valley straddles the Utah/Idaho
border northeast of Logan, Utah. The results of this study show
that both the EBF and the WBF have experienced surface-faulting
earthquakes in the recent geologic past and therefore represent
an ongoing seismic hazard to northeastern Utah and southeastern
Idaho.
Consensus preferred recurrence-interval and vertical slip-rate
estimates: review of Utah paleoseismic-trenching data by the Utah
Quaternary Fault Parameters Working Group, by William R. Lund,
CD (109 p.), ISBN 1-55791-727-2, 2005, B-134 $19.95
Holocene earthquake history of the northern Weber segment
of the Wasatch fault zone, Utah, by Alan R. Nelson, Mike Lowe,
Stephen Personius, Lee-Ann Bradley, Steven L. Forman, Robert Klauk,
and John Garr, CD (39 p., 2 pl.), ISBN 1-55791-741-8, 2006, MP-05-8
$14.95
Special Study 119 Paleoseismic investigation and long-term
slip history of the Hurricane fault in southwestern Utah,
by William R. Lund, Michael J. Hozik, and Stanley C. Hatfield,
CD (81 p.), ISBN 1-55791-760-4, 1/07, SS-119 $11.00
Special Study 121 Surficial-geologic reconnaissance and scarp
profiling on the Colliston and Clarkston Mountain segments of
the Wasatch fault zone, Box Elder County, Utah - Paleoseismic
inferences, implications for adjacent segments, and issues for
diffusion-equation scarp-age modeling, by Michael D. Hylland,
ISBN 1-55791-763-9, CD (18 p.), 1/07, SS-121 $9.95
Special Study 122 Paleoseismology of Utah, Volume 16: Paleoseismic reconnaissance of the Sevier fault, Kane and Garfield Counties, Utah, by William R. Lund, Tyler R. Knudsen, and Garrett S. Vice, CD (27 p. + 4 p. appendices), ISBN 1-55791-787-6, 2008 $14.95
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